Hardening of UNIX Operating System

Operating system hardening is the process to address security weaknesses in the operation systems by implementing the latest operating system patches, hot fixes and updates as well as follow up the specific procedures and policies to reduce attacks and system down time

Enzymatic Trans-esterification of Phospholipids to Aceto-phospholipid: A Good Surface Active Emulsifier and the Role of Phospholipid in Drug Delivery System

Aceto-phospholipids were prepared enzymatically by incorporating the acetate group at sn-1 or sn-2 position with out acetylating the amine group of phospholipids. There are a sharp change in surface properties after acetylation. At the same time the emulsifying properties of aceto-phospholipids is also remarkable than original soy phospholipids. We have got the separate droplet size distribution pattern of water in oil type of emulsion in presence of different aceto phospholipids compare to original soy phospholipids. The emulsification properties of newly prepared aceto-phospholipids were explained from the HLB values. The biological activities of the aceto-phospholipid were also highlighted here using some reported articles

Assessment of III-V FinFETs at 20nm Node: A Process Variation Analysis

AbstractThe endless miniaturization of Si based MOSFETs has the key for driving the electronic revolution. However, scaling of the channel length is the enormous challenge to preserve the performance in terms of speed, power and electrostatic integrity at each technology nodes. Subsequently all researchers have been analyzing new device materials and architectures to fix this challenge. After continuous development in the areas of devices and materials have lastly conveyed III-V MOSFETs with high channel mobility. This paper is a discussion about the impact of fin height (HFin) and fin width (WFin) of a GaAs-FinFET, which affect the reliability of the device in view of various performance measures. A detailed analysis about the impact of geometry parameters like (HFin) and (WFin) on the static or low frequency performances like threshold voltage (Vth), on-off ratio (Ion/Ioff), power dissipation, subthreshold slope (SS), transconductance (gm), early voltage (VEA), gain (AV) and dynamic or high frequency performances as gate capacitance (Cgg), cut-off frequency (fT), delay (CV/I), energy (CV2), energy delay product (EDP) are systematically presented

Changes in sediment texture by turtle mass nesting at Rushikulya rookery

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Ontogeny of the digestive tract in stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) larvae

Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) is an important candidate species for diversification of freshwater aquaculture in India. However, high mortality rate during larval rearing is the most serious bottleneck in commercial production of this species. A proper understanding of the ontogenic development of digestive system provides the basis to understand the nutritional physiology of larvae and develop appropriate feeding strategies. In the present study, the ontogenical development of the digestive tract in H. fossilis larvae was studied from hatching until 30 day post-hatching (dph) at 29 °C. At hatching (2.8 ± 0.2 mm standard length, SL), the digestive tract was undifferentiated and attached dorsally to the yolk sac. At 1 dph (2.9 ± 0.2 mm SL), the mouth opened and oral valves were visible. At 2 dph (3.0 ± 0.3 mm SL), goblet cells were observed in the buccoparyngaeal cavity. At this age, exogenous feeding started and the intestine was differentiated into the anterior and posterior regions, and the rudimentary liver and pancreas were also seen. Small supranuclear vacuoles were observed in the enterocytes of the posterior intestine at 2 dph. Zymogen granules were observed in acinar cells of pancreas by 3 dph, and islets of Langerhans were visible at 4 dph (3.5 ± 0.1 mm SL). At the same age, most of the yolk sac reserves were consumed, whereas they were completely exhausted by 5 dph (3.9 ± 0.5 mm SL). Between 4 and 6 dph, the liver elongated in size and started to accumulate lipids in the hepatocytes. Gastric glands were detected at 4 dph, and the pyloric sphincter was completely differentiated at 9 dph (6.1 ± 0.4 mm SL) as an epithelial fold that separated stomach from the anterior intestine. By 13 dph (8.6 ± 0.2 mm SL), profuse gastric glands were visible inside longitudinal mucosal folds of the stomach. The formation of gastric glands and their development were noticed as the last events in the development of the digestive tract in H. fossilis. This indicated the end of the larval period and the commencement of the juvenile stage. Considering these observations, it is suggested that H. fossilis larvae have a morphologically complete digestive tract by 13 dph. The findings of the study on the development of the digestive system in H. fossilis may help in synchronising the larval stage of development and feeding strategies and would be helpful in improving larval rearing techniques for catfish species.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Urea treatment of straw.

BACKGROUND: Motivation is a critical factor in supporting sustained exercise, which in turn is associated with important health outcomes. Accordingly, research on exercise motivation from the perspective of self-determination theory (SDT) has grown considerably in recent years. Previous reviews have been mostly narrative and theoretical. Aiming at a more comprehensive review of empirical data, this article examines the empirical literature on the relations between key SDT-based constructs and exercise and physical activity behavioral outcomes. METHODS: This systematic review includes 66 empirical studies published up to June 2011, including experimental, cross-sectional, and prospective studies that have measured exercise causality orientations, autonomy/need support and need satisfaction, exercise motives (or goal contents), and exercise self-regulations and motivation. We also studied SDT-based interventions aimed at increasing exercise behavior. In all studies, actual or self-reported exercise/physical activity, including attendance, was analyzed as the dependent variable. Findings are summarized based on quantitative analysis of the evidence. RESULTS: The results show consistent support for a positive relation between more autonomous forms of motivation and exercise, with a trend towards identified regulation predicting initial/short-term adoption more strongly than intrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation being more predictive of long-term exercise adherence. The literature is also consistent in that competence satisfaction and more intrinsic motives positively predict exercise participation across a range of samples and settings. Mixed evidence was found concerning the role of other types of motives (e.g., health/fitness and body-related), and also the specific nature and consequences of introjected regulation. The majority of studies have employed descriptive (i.e., non-experimental) designs but similar results are found across cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental designs. CONCLUSION: Overall, the literature provides good evidence for the value of SDT in understanding exercise behavior, demonstrating the importance of autonomous (identified and intrinsic) regulations in fostering physical activity. Nevertheless, there remain some inconsistencies and mixed evidence with regard to the relations between specific SDT constructs and exercise. Particular limitations concerning the different associations explored in the literature are discussed in the context of refining the application of SDT to exercise and physical activity promotion, and integrating these with avenues for future research

Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals

Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level